Many real-world networks such as the ones arising out of facebook and twitter, webpages and hyperlinks etc. evolve with the passage of time. This motivates the study of dynamic graph algorithms, where we have to maintain the solution to a given optimization problem when the input graph keeps changing via a sequence of updates (edge insertions/deletions). The goal is to design algorithms whose update times (time taken to handle an edge insertion/deletion) are significantly faster than recomputing the solution from scratch after each update in the input graph.

Jaundice, the yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera due to the buildup of bilirubin in the blood, is a symptom associated with medical conditions involving the liver and pancreas (e.g., alcoholism, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer). Jaundice is only recognizable to the naked eye in severe stages, but a ubiquitous test using computer vision and machine learning can detect milder forms of jaundice.